Osteoporosis
What is Osteoporosis?
- Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weaker and more fragile due to a loss of bone density and mass. Because it often develops without noticeable symptoms, it is commonly referred to as a “silent disease.” Many people are unaware they have osteoporosis until they experience a fracture from a minor fall or injury.
- Bone is a living tissue that is constantly being broken down and rebuilt, using minerals such as calcium and proteins. In osteoporosis, bone loss occurs faster than new bone can be formed, leading to a porous and weakened bone structure. As a result, bones are more prone to fractures, even with minimal trauma.
- If osteoporosis is not identified and treated early, it can progress silently over time. Fractures related to osteoporosis may take longer to heal and, in some cases, can lead to long-term pain, reduced mobility, or permanent disability.
Who is at Risk of Osteoporosis?
Women are at a higher risk than men for developing osteoporosis. Other factors include:
- Thin and small body frame
- Family history of osteoporosis
- Aging
- Low levels of estrogen and post-menopause
- Certain endocrine disorders such as diabetes
- Medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and malabsorption syndromes or malnutrition
- Certain medications such as steroids, immunosuppressants, anticoagulants, antiepileptic, and thyroid suppressive therapy
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis can be controlled and the complications can be prevented if detected early. Your doctor will arrive at the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on your medical history, physical examination, and neurological examination to evaluate your muscle strength, reflexes, and sensation. Imaging studies such as X-rays, MRI, CT, and bone scans may be performed. Your doctor may also order a bone densitometry scan, also called dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure your bone density using a very low dose of X-ray.
Treatment of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis cannot be cured but can be managed. Treatment depends on your age, gender, fracture risk, and bone status. There are different treatment options available for the management of osteoporosis including lifestyle changes, weight-bearing exercises, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, hormone replacement therapy, and medications to stop bone loss and strengthen bones. Pain medications and bracing may be recommended. When conservative methods fail to relieve symptoms, your surgeon may recommend surgical treatment.
Preventing Osteoporosis
Some of the preventive measures that can help reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis include:
- Consume a healthy well-balanced diet
- Get adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D
- Avoid excessive alcohol intake and smoking
- Exercise regularly
